New larvae are dark gray. Small numbers of sawflies can be physically removed from plants and killed by putting them into a pail of soapy water. When resting, the larva will often coil up to protect itself.
Insecticidal soap and horticultural oil are effective when managing small numbers of young sawfly larvae. This information will hopefully help gardeners decide if action is warranted to control caterpillar infestations. Two of the most common species of sawfly larvae to feed on the leaves of pear trees are the Social Pear sawfly, Neurotoma saltuum, and the Pear Slug Sawfly, Caliroa cerasi. Larvae are 24 mm (1") long when fully grown. Repeat applications might be needed as the product needs to come in contact with the sawflies. In general, a healthy tree, shrub, fruit bush or perennial flowering plant won’t suffer long term damage as a result of a single sawfly infestation. Many of the host trees of pear sawflies may be blooming when sawflies are found. Use a pesticide if it is necessary to treat larvae. You may also crush them on the plants or use a high pressure water spray to knock them off. Due to the close similarities of many species identification may be uncertain from a photo and recorded as either probable, belonging to a likely family or with reference to the hostplant. Management: Look for dogwood sawflies starting in mid-summer.
Most sawflies feed in groups, and it is possible to spot treat them instead of treating the entire plant. Solomon’s Seal caterpillars are renown for defoliating the host plant. Although, on smaller caterpillars this can be difficult. Larvae feed from late June to early August. At first glance, you might think you've got a caterpillar problem, but sawflies have behavioral and morphological differences that differentiate them from Lepidopteran larvae. A few larvae emerge and produce a second generation from late July to September. They can completely defoliate a tree starting from the top and moving down. These leaves, complete with clusters of caterpillars, can easily be removed before the caterpillars have time to grow and spread to the whole plant. They are about 18 mm (3/4") when fully grown. Larvae first appear in May and feed through June.
Larvae initially eat small holes in the leaves. Sawfly caterpillars (larvae) are often confused with the caterpillars of butterflies and moths. They spend the winter as pupae in the soil. Sawfly larvae are more commonly seen than adult flies. Use a pesticide if it is necessary to treat larvae. Sawfly larvae are more commonly seen than adult flies. More sightings and information to be added shortly. Larvae prefer new needles, but will eat last year’s needles when new foliage is scarce. Commercial tree care companies have experience in managing sawflies and in applying pesticides. Hosts: Northern red oak, northern pin oak, pin oak, swamp white oak, white oak and bur oak. They spend the winter as pupae two to three inches below the soil surface. Larvae have yellow or reddish brown heads and olive-green bodies with six gray-green stripes.
Larvae are slug-like in shape and are shiny olive green in color. Prevention and removing recently hatched caterpillars is the best solution.
Management: Look for willow sawflies in spring and again in mid-summer. Larvae begin feeding around mid-May and continue through June. Confirmed identifications are well received. The RED / AMBER / GREEN dots indicate how easy it is to identify the species - see our Identification Difficulty page for more information. They spend the winter as prepupae (the stage between a mature larva and a pupa) in the soil.
However, due to their similarities, all species are often referred to by gardeners as Rose Sawfly larvae.
It follows on from the success of Stuart Dunlop's Facebook group - British and Irish Sawflies (Symphyta).
The photograph left shows a female sawfly cutting into the stem of a garden rose in preparation for laying eggs. Management: Look for blackheaded ash sawflies in early spring.
Apply systemic insecticides to trees and shrubs only after flowering has already occurred to reduce pesticide exposure to bees. The Social Pear sawfly caterpillars form a web as feature above. Larvae hatch and feed for about one month, then drop to the soil to pupate. Adults spend the winter in the soil as pupae and begin to emerge in mid-May. Management: Look for introduced pine sawflies in early spring and again in mid-summer. Larvae have a tapered shape that gives them a vague resemblance to a true slug. This sawfly website has been developed by Andrew Green to help promote the identification and recording of sawflies across Britain and Ireland. Larvae are light green with orange brown heads and are about 13 mm (1/2 ") when fully grown. When treating trees is not practical, use a licensed pesticide applicator working for a professional company.
Hosts: Plum, cherry, cotoneaster, pear, mountain-ash and hawthorn. Larvae emerge in early spring and damage plants by eating leaves or needles. Larvae begin feeding as a group on leaves. The insects derive their name from the saw-like ovipositor the females of some species use to cut open or drill holes in plants, forming a cavity into which they then lay their eggs. Appearance: This is the largest species of sawfly found in North America.
Use a pesticide if it is necessary to treat larvae. If sawflies are active when trees and shrubs are flowering, use an alternative method of treating them. Common examples are imidacloprid and dinotefuran. Caterpillars have two to five pairs of prolegs on the abdomen. Their name comes from the saw-like egg-laying structure of adult females.
Adults emerge over a six-week period and larvae can be seen up to July. (For a list of bee attractive trees and shrubs, see Native trees and shrubs for pollinators). Older larvae consume entire leaves. Images may not be used without the written permission of the photographer. The larvae spend the winter as prepupae (the stage between a mature larva and a pupa) in the soil. Those shown below (bottom) from Canada are considered likely to be Diprion similis. Larvae can occasionally damage wood in structures such as decks, landscape timbers, and even homes. When sawflies feed on the needles and leaves, they receive a toxic dose. A number of different sawfly species have caterpillars that feed on a wide variety of vegetables.
A number of sawfly species have caterpillars that include willows and sallows amongst their larval hostplants. Use a pesticide if it is necessary to treat larvae. Management: Management of elm sawflies is rarely needed.
They feed on the edge of leaves, often eating them down to the midribs. Some feed gregariously while others are solitary. Larvae are green, lacking stripes or spots on their bodies and have greenish heads. Full-grown larvae are 40 - 50 mm (1.5 - 2.0 inches) in length. Hosts: Willows, cottonwood, aspen and other poplars.
The gallery featured below contains photographs of some of the sawfly larvae commonly recorded on a variety of trees, garden shrubs and plants. Sawfly Larvae Look Like Caterpillars . Hosts: Mugo, Scots, red and jack pines are preferred; eastern white, Austrian and Ponderosa pines may also be fed on, especially if they are growing near a preferred host.
Young larvae chew between the veins and older larvae feed along the edge of leaves and chew leaves down to the midrib. Use a pesticide if it is necessary to treat larvae.
Keep trees and shrubs healthy; a healthy plant does not suffer as much damage from sawflies.
More images and information to be added shortly.
Management: Look for sawfly larvae in the spring and if necessary use a pesticide to treat them.
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