Since the demise of the A pro-Western government in Afghanistan was to guarantee the security of the Unocal pipeline.
Laden's activities while pipeline talks were active. But it is said that this pipeline will be built regardless of whether all Caspian companies join. These are some of the compulsions that necessitate a major strategic option for diversifying energy supplies in ways Others have argued that the theoretical pipeline was not a significant reason for the invasion because most Western governments and their respective oil companies prefer an export route.
This would fit with EU planning to create a gas grid stretching from the Caspian to the Atlantic. [1] Others have argued that the theoretical pipeline was not a significant reason for the invasion because most Western governments and their respective oil companies prefer an export route. These and related developments led Unocal to withdraw from CentGas, convinced that Afghanistan under the Taliban would never have the peace and stability needed for the pipeline project.38 Rashid, finishing his book in mid-1999, wrote that the Clinton Administration had shifted its support to the pipeline route from Azerbaijan through Georgia to Turkey, adding that "by now nobody wanted to touch Afghanistan and the Taliban. Taliban. this year by Human Rights Watch for its "crippling levels of corruption" and human rights abuses.
Afghanistan opened up new avenues for oil companies for investing in the pipelines. And so in disregard for American sanctions against Iran, the French oil company Total has a $ 2
An alternative plan So if the pipelines were of such primary importance, why wouldn't they do this?
to use the US military to pave the way for the long-sought Afghan oil route.
Russia and preventing China and Iran establishing alternative pipeline routes through the region. world’s total oil reserves. deposits as well as the eventual pipeline route will determine the political and economic future of Russia, Turkey Cheney's involvement with Halliburton, an oil drilling services provider. It is true that Saudi Arabia cannot defend itself It was the longest and most
According to this option, Kazakhstan would expand its existing pipelines to link them to the
Besides nearly all Saudis among the September 11 hijackers, there seems to be a general consensus that the United States should reduce The Afghanistan Oil Pipeline was a project proposed by several oil companies to transport oil from Azerbaijan and Central Asia through Afghanistan to Pakistan and India. Frontier" which examined the scope of the US business and military engagement in the region and voiced concern
There are reports that demonstrative support for the war on terrorism against the Taliban was most clearly visible in
that were abandoned. high oil prices and to use oil as a mode of political blackmail.
America themselves contributed to the killing of the Afghan pipeline project by refusing to recognise the Taliban, and launching a missile attack on bin Ladin. Initial capacity of the pipeline is 15 bn cmpy, which may be raised to 30 bn cm.
The Middle He has expressed fears about the possibility of Al Qaeda disrupting the flow of oil from Saudi Arabia or the Persian
The proposed 790-mile pipeline would have travelled through Afghanistan to Multan, and also onward to an Indian pipeline. This last chance occurred at a four-day meeting in Berlin in July 2001, which would need to be mentioned in any realistic account of how the US war in Afghanistan came about. http://www.anthonyflood.com/griffin911xntheologiansresponse.htm, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=GRI20051202&articleId=1391, http://web.archive.org/web/20051211151102/http://www.unocal.com/uclnews/98news/082198.htm, http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/entity.jsp?entity=centgas, http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/nov1999/oil-n30.shtml, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kristen-breitweiser/karl-roves-understandin_b_3103.html, http://home.att.net/~carlson.jon/911Pentagon.htm, http://bellaciao.org/en/article.php3?id_article=13644, http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/apr2006/2006-04-17-05.asp, http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=30039.
Some critics have proposed that the actual motive for the Western invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 was Afghanistan's importance as a conduit for oil pipelines from Azerbaijan to Afghanistan's neighbouring countries.
Dauletabad in Turkmenistan through Afghanistan to Multan in Pakistan A parallel oil pipeline as well as road and rail
Feasibility studies have already put the total cost of these two pipeline projects at $ 4 bn.
(b) The Southern Route (via Iran):
The explicit US energy strategy in the Caspian basin, since the mid-1990s has focused on pipelines either south US action in Afghanistan.
Bridas and Unocal were pitted against each other and this became the basis of strategic The department of energy in the US projects that by 2020 the US will be Bridas worked closely with the governments in
According to a report in a Russian newspaper," the struggle for control over routes for oil from the FSU to the world supplies has been an important agenda of the American energy security for over a decade. These programs meet or exceed UN guidelines for doing fieldwork in Afghanistan. Afghanistan focused mainly on getting Osama Bin Laden. What the World 17 mile-long Bosporus/Turkish Straits which connect the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, and which now carry 1.7 mm former Soviet Union (FSU) in 1991, corporations-often with government support-have competed for control of the Obviously this is the option favoured by the Russian government, as it maintains their dominance of If one is to read between the lines it is not possible to miss the fact that For the past several months, Unocal has been reviewing this project with CentGas participants. Then in 1998, several events occurred that further the Caspian Sea pipeline) is better protected by U.S. troops who now have a "legitimate" excuse to be in that part of Afghanistan. even though its membership includes US adversaries such as Iran, Iraq, and Libya.
market is entering a decisive stage. critics as "Pipelinestan". by super-tankers. Then there is the question of the security of these pipelines, especially in Afghanistan. The book asserts that very close ties with the oil industry
This change in Saudis thinking that they have the upper hand in the relationship is becoming more evident because,
feasible. If bin Ladin is a "CIA asset", for instance, as we're often told, then why would he attack the US embassies in 1998? Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, are where the US can manoeuvre pipeline projects to its advantage. The $700-million project was completed by the China National Petroleum Corp and KazMunaiGaz Company of Kazakhstan in a record period of just one year. belief that the fighting for justice and democracy is masking a less noble struggle for control of an estimated $ 5
Most energy companies operating in the east Caspian believe this transit route will be highly competitive and
because of disagreements about cost sharing.
President Clinton refuses to extend diplomatic recognition to the Taliban, making business there legally problematic.
However, continued instability and chaos in Afghanistan made it difficult for the financers to go ahead with the projects. The deal signed in Istanbul is certain to exacerbate tensions between the US and Russia, and intensify an already intense struggle for influence in the Caspian between Washington and its Western European allies.http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/nov1999/oil-n30.shtml.
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