endstream endobj 1980 0 obj 680 endobj 1936 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1927 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS2 1937 0 R /CS3 1942 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 1973 0 R /GS3 1974 0 R >> /Font << /TT5 1940 0 R /TT6 1938 0 R /TT7 1950 0 R /TT8 1955 0 R /C2_1 1960 0 R /TT9 1962 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 1965 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB ] >> /Contents [ 1944 0 R 1946 0 R 1948 0 R 1952 0 R 1954 0 R 1958 0 R 1964 0 R 1967 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 >> endobj 1937 0 obj [ /ICCBased 1972 0 R ] endobj 1938 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 215 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 0 722 333 0 0 611 889 722 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 564 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CDPPPI+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 1939 0 R >> endobj 1939 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2000 1007 ] /FontName /CDPPPI+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 1970 0 R >> endobj 1940 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 570 0 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 0 667 944 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 722 1000 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 556 278 833 556 500 556 0 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CDPPMH+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 1941 0 R >> endobj 1941 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2000 1026 ] /FontName /CDPPMH+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 1968 0 R >> endobj 1942 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 1943 0 obj 852 endobj 1944 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1943 0 R >> stream endobj 2 4/9/02 Vector Processors • Initially developed for super-computing applications, today important for multimedia. endobj Array processors increases the overall instruction processing speed. 1931 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 1936 /H [ 1983 813 ] /L 496192 /E 131080 /N 22 /T 457452 >> endobj xref 1931 50 0000000016 00000 n When several instructions are in partial execution, and if they reference same data then the problem arises. The control unit is responsible for fetching the instructions. Interrupts effect the execution of instruction. For example: The input to the Floating Point Adder pipeline is: Here A and B are mantissas (significant digit of floating point numbers), while a and b are exponents. The best known SIMD array processor is the ILLIAC IV computer developed by the Burroughs corps. 0000100330 00000 n 0000130231 00000 n 0000011793 00000 n Vector instructions are send to all PE's simultaneously and results are returned to the memory. It contains a set of identical processing elements (PE's), each of which is having a local memory M. Each processor element includes an ALU and registers. @�*W�"պ:0|7�(K"S���I���i��V��5�����P��8L��K�!ZU������"3�QHIn� \����`;T���S�T�Ì66GȻ B�rH� ��J !� 820������,"� �x�A�i�E�g�8���g``Z��2,��b�� iUFi��]�l�` )]�"p����K��ү"��/2.`X���pIQ���O��R6�E�݇�� H� ���f��O�|& �:��}�87�-�- )�. <> 0000013201 00000 n Pipelining increases the overall instruction throughput. 0000100042 00000 n A general block diagram of an array processor is shown below. Array processors are also known as multiprocessors or vector processors. 0000107499 00000 n 0000007939 00000 n 309-314 in Readings in Computer Architecture. 0000003293 00000 n 3 0 obj This processor has a scalar architecture just like MIPS. Some of these factors are given below: All stages cannot take same amount of time. <> H��V�n�0��+��L�M8��HZ�Qг�(� 0000006777 00000 n %PDF-1.3 %���� Figure 4.2 The basic structure of a vector architecture, VMIPS. ?ZYi~�KJ�IYbDC�������n��պ���. There are basically two types of array processors: An attached array processor is a processor which is attached to a general purpose computer and its purpose is to enhance and improve the performance of that computer in numerical computational tasks. BASIC VECTOR ARCHITECTURE Seymour Cray The Father of Vector Processing and Supercomputing In 1951 he started working in computers when he joined Electronic Research Associates for producing early digital computers. Suleman et al., “Accelerating Critical Section Execution with Asymmetric Multi-Core Architectures,” ASPLOS 2009. endobj All rights reserved. • Each Larrabee core contains a 512-bit vector processing unit, able to process 16 single precision floating point numbers at a time. 0000012839 00000 n 9 0 obj Computer System Architecture (3rd Ed) by M Morris Mano_text.pdf 0000011119 00000 n 2 0 obj 0000007916 00000 n There are also eight 64-element vector registers, and all the functional units are vector functional units. Parallel Computer Architecture • describe architectures based on associative memory organisations, and • explain the concept of multithreading and its use in parallel computer architecture. 0000012000 00000 n BASIC VECTOR ARCHITECTURE Seymour Cray The Father of Vector Processing and Supercomputing In 1951 he started working in computers when he joined Electronic Research Associates for producing early digital computers. They are only suitable for numerical problems that can be expressed in vector or matrix form and they are not suitable for other types of computations. The cycle time of the processor is reduced. 0000001355 00000 n Computer Architecture: SIMD/Vector/GPU Prof. Onur Mutlu (edited by seth) Carnegie Mellon University Vector Processing: Exploiting Regular (Data) Parallelism Data Parallelism Concurrency arises from performing the same operations on different pieces of data Single instruction multiple data (SIMD) E.g., dot product of two vectors 0000100122 00000 n Kozyrakis CS252/Culler Lec 20. 0000002773 00000 n <> 0000010268 00000 n ��6'��c�K��gO���X�qׂ��L��~e�)]R The quiz objective … Figure 4.2 The basic structure of a vector architecture, VMIPS. It allows storing and executing instructions in an orderly process. 8 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 10 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> 4-3. 0000011977 00000 n If the present instruction is a conditional branch, and its result will lead us to the next instruction, then the next instruction may not be known until the current one is processed. 0000014042 00000 n The pipeline will be more efficient if the instruction cycle is divided into segments of equal duration. Computer Organization and Architecture Chapter 4 : Pipeline and Vector processing Compiled By: Er. Hill, Jouppi, Sohi, “Dataflow and Multithreading,” pp. It arises when an instruction depends upon the result of a previous instruction but this result is not yet available. It increases the throughput of the system. �lU��Y=&�ƭ�!�Pę���L)5�Y-��Fi�w�5��*|8�?j��Tbeb^�1� B�a��Jj��aj����.�:�fr�6x�XveK���@��0b��(5�"6�$�H�T+ But, vector processing is possible only if the operations performed in parallel are independent. The main memory is used for storing the program. 4 0 obj In pipeline system, each segment consists of an input register followed by a combinational circuit. H�b```f``������U� Ȁ ��@Q�PF�̗����R-�YDŸ���: it operates on elements of the array in parallel. endstream Kozyrakis CS252/Culler Lec 20. 0000003336 00000 n Contain Multiple Choice Questions in Computer system architecture and organization with answers from chapter Pipeline & Vector Processing. Instructions enter from one end and exit from another end. This processor has a scalar architecture just like MIPS. 0000007511 00000 n SIMD is the organization of a single computer containing multiple processors operating in parallel. The best known SIMD array processor is the ILLIAC IV computer developed by the Burroughs corps. 10 0 obj As most of the Array processors operates asynchronously from the host CPU, hence it improves the overall capacity of the system. The master control unit controls all the operations of the processor elements. <> 5 0 obj • Vector processors have high-level operations that 0000130440 00000 n �����?=/���. 0000006051 00000 n Graduate Computer Architecture Lecture 20 Vector Processing => Multimedia David E. Culler Many slides due toChristoforosE. 0000013224 00000 n For example in a car manufacturing industry, huge assembly lines are setup and at each point, there are robotic arms to perform a certain task, and then the car moves on ahead to the next arm. 0000011425 00000 n They are used for floating point operations, multiplication of fixed point numbers etc. endobj B�Z-~�M�n\t�� �,0�M��|�靄#��@;�|0R�B���Vb��.V-Ū(���E�_��u��[> �Q� ���t��S��)c�=�=�D ܁-�T*�TR� All rights reserved. e�����PT%O��4sqU�=o���j~@�+���1�H�o�o[B�0�|��h It is also known as pipeline processing. The register is used to hold data and combinational circuit performs operations on it. Computer Architecture Lecture 8: Vector Processing (Chapter 4) Chih‐Wei Liu 劉志尉 National Chiao Tung University [email protected] SIMD processors are highly specialized computers. In order to fetch and execute the next instruction, we must know what that instruction is. 0000008649 00000 n 4.2 PIPELINE PROCESSING Pipelining is a method to realize, overlapped parallelism in … stream 0000001839 00000 n The control unit is responsible for fetching the instructions. 0000007727 00000 n The output of combinational circuit is applied to the input register of the next segment. Data Hazards. 0000006754 00000 n Readings Required Hill, Jouppi, Sohi, “Multiprocessors and Multicomputers,” pp. x��S]��0|7�?�|e���Q���w=ZM۔>}�I]������[���!19�ĮX͌gW0]���t�������} 0000097363 00000 n Thus we can execute multiple instructions simultaneously. %PDF-1.5 0000002796 00000 n 2. 0000010291 00000 n • Vector processors have high-level operations that The main memory is used for storing the program. Pipelining is the process of accumulating instruction from the processor through a pipeline. This problem generally occurs in instruction processing where different instructions have different operand requirements and thus different processing time.
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