The OSDH and the CDC reviewed medical records for all persons treated in hospital emergency departments or hospitalized with tornado-related health effects to determine the cause and circumstances of the injury or illness. Controls were respondents to the community survey conducted in the F5 tornado damage path. W. Randolph Daley, Sheryll Brown, Pam Archer, Elizabeth Kruger, Fred Jordan, Dahna Batts, Sue Mallonee, Risk of Tornado-related Death and Injury in Oklahoma, May 3, 1999, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 161, Issue 12, 15 June 2005, Pages 1144–1150, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi142. When OEMA damage reports were used as the denominator, the risk ratio in mobile homes versus houses rose from similar for minor injuries to double for severe injuries to five times for death. Asheville, NC: National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. On May 4, the Oklahoma Commissioner of Health declared tornado-related deaths and injuries reportable conditions and requested assistance with data collection and analysis from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These included a tornado reaching category F5 that passed through Grady, McClain, Cleveland, and Oklahoma counties between the evening hours of 6:23 and 7:50 (6). The one big, destructive difference? Additionally, the OSDH and CDC conducted a field survey of residents in the damage path of the category F5 tornado. Age-period-cohort effects in half a century of motor vehicle theft in the United States. New Faculty Positions - Molecular Epidemiology, Endowed Chair and Head, Division of Infectious Diseases & Co-Director, Center for Infectious Diseases, Copyright © 2020 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. For an hour-and-a-half on May 3, 1999, the tornado carved a path of destruction. l� ˡ>M{��}��8"��K��� � MY�Y��y7-����[GPj�{�d�S˳pH8W�i|W#V�*+ ڧ���g� Schmidlin TW, King PS. For more with Billings and what he saw when he arrived on the scene of the tornado, watch the video below. ", Extreme weather system proves fatal as massive twister devastates swaths of Oklahoma. Review of the associated factors in this tornado cluster offers insight into current recommendations. Among younger age groups (under 25 years), we found no consistent pattern, but all death and injury rates were lower than comparable rates in adults. Numbers of victims directly injured by the May 3, 1999, tornadoes in Oklahoma, by location*. The risk of death (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.1, 1.7), severe injury (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6), or minor injury (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) was lower among those fleeing their homes in motor vehicles than among those remaining. The direct force of the tornadoes caused 40 deaths, 133 hospital admissions, and 265 emergency department outpatient visits. "��L�7�H��ٍ�9!��*���KK��(�&?+��sC+��+��b����4��@P��F��%rh���DCh*���EC(P3�%CP*G��*��c� �s�g~�[����Y �`5���|�H�`�{�a@�&!hp Stream CBSN live or on demand for FREE on your TV, computer, tablet, or smartphone. ��z�.�ݏ�QR������s2:�u�e`z� u�BYv`����AF��V��j�F٫���,0�������\~`�5�����V��-��k�촹�2��;�Hn�G�4��x�� tϞwb�Ћut�|d����u!D�Wrむĥm{�����m]^]����N��p For this study, we included only cases of death, severe injury, and minor injury that occurred in the path of the F5 tornado. Data on deaths and injuries directly related to the tornadoes and information obtained from a survey of residents in the damage path of the F5 tornado were used in a case-control analysis. The most common reasons for treatment for indirectly related health effects were medical conditions not related to injury, injuries incurred while preparing for the tornadoes, inhalation injuries, and injuries occurring during cleanup activities. © 2013 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. �G5_�P.-��0@q�Z� ���e�P����Ԧ�ehge�����f)wC+>2�y�L��.�vw@9�\�Vs=gu)�:e��3�`� �2G�ڎ��� �W��rD�H1��*��R}_@�� �I���ti���T�J�/�OX-�����t�U����VnaH+Q?���$ָΫ?N��e��G6Oe?��Hs�V8om\˝t6�:�y���H븳�9��S�;������mL����؝� �ח������چoYaE1�����%�����;J&�^��{�d���.a���1]��4F��=�i?��$̚�N_=���j�7jˣoŚ'n�j��VFi�Τ��Q��.������=G�g. Results should inform the review of current tornado safety guidelines. �Y��P�6yx3(V� Estimates of risk using OEMA damage reports did not account for people who fled their homes for other forms of shelter—an explicit instruction for mobile home residents under a tornado warning. The death and injury risks associated with being in a motor vehicle struck by the F5 tornado of May 3, 1999, were similar to the risks of being in a permanently anchored house and were far lower than the risks of being in a mobile home or outdoors. Risk factors for tornado injuries. Location within the house at the time of injury could not be determined for four decedents, 17 victims with severe injuries, 21 victims with minor injuries, and seven controls. The risk of death from the F5 tornado was greater for persons who were in mobile homes (odds ratio (OR) = 35.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8, 175.6) or outdoors (OR = 141.2, 95% CI: 15.9, 6,379.8) when the tornado struck than for those in permanently anchored houses. Considering the number and power of the tornadoes, the magnitude of destruction, and the population density of affected areas, surprisingly few deaths were attributed to the Oklahoma tornadoes of May 3, 1999. Location at the time of injury could not be determined for six victims with severe injuries, 34 victims with minor injuries, and four controls. As part of this collaboration, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH), the CDC, and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of Oklahoma evaluated the role of important risk factors for directly related death and injury from these tornadoes. lfh}�ezf����=>���vC`� Cars in the parking lot were overturned and tossed on top of each other. FEMA-1272-DR-OK, May 3–5 tornadoes, severe storms and flooding, congressional briefing, 7 July 1999. �s���V��u�!d�{�&�s�=9�`�U�a �^� However, investigators of subsequent tornado disasters have questioned this assumption (10, 13, 18). Risk of severe injury was also greater for persons in mobile homes (OR = 11.8, 95% CI: 3.4, 51.7) or outdoors (OR = 34.3, 95% CI: 4.4, 1,526.2). In our study, older people were at greatest risk. Case patients with completed questionnaires were older (mean age of 43.1 years vs. 35.7 years) but did not differ from nonrespondents by sex, community, location during the tornado, or hospitalization status. pJ�a!Mz'A!�K}d�R��K���8]��kX�b�b4��T�SsT �Gb.��_�2j��v�88胛\���g[2²���m��)�"d�k8���Z����.����X$���].�AT�#(�(�bjs]���َ@�@�'�"^'U�H�lݍ�s���Qc Moreover, our risk estimates for motor vehicle occupants may have been artificially high. However, since mobile homes and their contents were more often totally destroyed, the proportion of mobile home residents available for interview during our community survey probably was smaller than the proportion of house residents.
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